What is diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by disorders of blood sugar regulation. That's why diabetes is also often referred to as diabetes or diabetes.
Blood sugar disorders can be caused by various things which include:
Lack of insulin production by the pancreas
Lack of body response to insulin
The influence of other hormones that inhibit the performance of insulin
If this disease is not treated with proper treatment, it can cause various dangerous complications, and can even threaten the lives of sufferers.
Types of diabetes mellitus
Based on what causes it, diabetes is divided into several types, namely:
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack and damage cells that produce the hormone insulin, so the pancreas cannot produce the hormone.
This will cause the body to lack insulin and increase blood glucose levels and effect of cycle ergometer on lipid profiles.
This condition generally attacks patients under the age of 40 years, especially in adolescence. Usually the symptoms of this disease are detected more quickly at a younger age, especially in childhood or adolescence.
The cause of this condition is unclear. Experts suspect that the cause of type 2 diabetes may occur due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. However, you might have a higher risk of developing this condition if:
your parents or siblings who have this condition
in a state of exposure to viral diseases
emergence of autoantibodies
vitamin D deficiency, consuming cow's milk or formula milk, and cereal before the age of 4 months.
Although it does not directly cause this condition, it is still risky.
Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. The incidence rate reaches 90-95 percent of all cases of diabetes in the world. This condition is called adult-onset diabetes because it is more common in adults.
Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 sufferers continue to produce insulin but not enough. The exact cause of why type 2 appears is uncertain, but experts believe that a combination of genetic and environmental factors play a role in triggering the occurrence of this sugar disease.
Being overweight is a major trigger for diabetes, but not all type 2 diabetes mellitus patients are overweight.
Gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes is a diabetes that only occurs in pregnant women. This disease can cause problems for both mother and baby if left untreated. If treated quickly properly, this condition usually resolves completely after giving birth.
Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus is a different condition caused by the inability of the kidneys to store water.
This disease is usually caused by genetic syndromes, surgery, side effects of drugs, malnutrition, infection, and other diseases. This condition is rare and can be treated.
Signs & Symptoms
What are the signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes often does not show any symptoms at first. In fact, many people who have never been aware of being sick with diabetes for a long time because they have never experienced significant symptoms.
However, here are some typical signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus that you need to know:
Often feel thirsty
Frequent urination, sometimes it happens every hour and is called polyuria
Weak, lethargic, and not powered
Frequent infections, such as skin, vaginal, thrush or urinary tract infections
Less common symptoms:
Nausea or vomiting
In women, vaginal infections often occur
Fungal infections or canker sores
Dry mouth
Wounds are difficult to heal
Itching on the skin, especially in the groin or vaginal area
Other symptoms of diabetes that you should be aware of:
1. Leg pain and numbness
Very high blood sugar levels will cause damage to the nerves of the body. Not all people experience this symptom.
However, people who have diabetes, will feel numbness, tingling, and pain in the body, especially in the legs. Symptoms like this usually occur in someone who has had diabetes for 5 years or more.
2. Blurry vision
Blurred vision of diabetes (a term for diabetics) usually results from a disruption of the lens (cataracts) or an eye nerve disorder (diabetic retinopathy).
The condition of high blood sugar can trigger a buildup of protein in the lens of the eye so that the cataract process. Uncontrolled blood sugar can also cause small blood vessels in the eye to be disrupted and even broken so that the eye nerves (retina) cannot work properly.
3.Skin problems
High insulin levels encourage pigments that cause black spots on the skin. If there are changes that are felt on the skin, it could be an early sign that you have diabetes or diabetes. Changes can be marked by skin that becomes dark, scaly, until early wrinkles appear.
4. Susceptible to infection or disease
A person with early symptoms of diabetes tends to be more susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections because they have a decreased immune system.
These microorganisms need glucose as a source of energy. Infection can grow in folds of warm and moist skin, such as between fingers and toes, under the breast, or in or around the genitals.